1. Write a paragraph to demonstrate the understanding of Stephen Toulmin's model of argument.
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People who smoke cigarettes or weeds and/or drink alcohol are inattentive in class (Claim). Most of the time, they seem to be lazy, preoccupied and dizzy. Some of them usually sit at the last bench so that they can escape the gaze of teacher and sleep peacefully or talk with their friends. When asked questions on the recent topic of study, most of them cannot answer and even cannot tell about the topic being taught (Qualifier). This directly supports the fact that they were not paying attention to the teacher. Their scores in exam is also low compared to those who don't drink or smoke (Evidence). Research shows that drinking alcoholic beverages affects person's feelings, thoughts and action. It is a depressant which has major role in causing anxiety and stress. Smoking leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (depression and schizophrenic tendency) when supply of nicotine decreases even for a short period of time. Along with the effect in mental health, drinking or smoking greatly affects physical health. It deteriorates most of the systems in our body (Warrant). Do you think it is possible for an unhealthy person to pay complete attention in the class (Backing)? Though people who drink or smoke are often heard arguing that such habit boosts their energy and keeps them awake or concentrated to do assignments and study, the effect is only temporary. The after effect or hangover of such habit can last longer than anticipated, causing permanent effects like memory loss, head ache and inability to focus on one task (Rebuttal).
2. Write an argumentative paragraph on any of the issues in Mr. Know-All following the structure of argument outlined by Toulmin.
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Mrs Ramsay was most probably, having an extra marital affair with someone in New York (Claim and Qualifier). This is clear from the expensive pearl necklace that she wore for dinner (Evidence). Her husband had not bought it and believed her word for it being an imitation. So, it must have been given to her by someone else. No one can be so generous as to give such an expensive necklace to a complete stranger. So, the person who gave her that necklace must be special and close to her (Warrant). As per the guarantee of necklace being real, Mr kelada's inspection is sufficient. He knew what he was talking about. He was in the trade and was going Japan to inspect the cultured pearls they were making. Also, the desperate appeal in the eyes of Mrs Ramsay, clearly showed the dread of hearing that the pearls were real. And why return the money lost in bet, if the pearls were only an imitation (Backing)? Some of my friends would argue that the necklace must have been given to her by someone other than her lover, someone who loved her, like her family members or friends. But, she could easily have told her husband about the reality of necklace if that was the case (Rebuttal).
3. Write an essay on any of the issues presented in the four tusked elephant following the structure outlined by Toulmin.
Coincidences play an important role in determining the success or failure of a mission. Most often, one or few strokes of coincidences is involved in great discoveries and inventions. This can be seen in the mission of Armand Denis to discover the four tusked elephant. Two important coincidences set him in his quest again when he had thought of giving up. (Claim)
Denis had stopped his journey after he and his Pygmies companions saw even a big elephant having only two tusks. But after few months, the first coincidence occurred when he revisited the Pygmy's country and stayed at a hotel in a place called Butembo. There, some Belgian sellers were talking in Flemish, the language he was familiar with as a child, about the four tusked elephant. The next coincidence occurred when Denis was despondently driving back to his camp and caught sight of something white in a ditch just beyond the administrator's office. On close observation he found that it was the skull of a fully grown elephant. Both of these coincidences fueled him with proof and positive energy to continue on his abandoned mission. (Ground)
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Due to the first coincidence, Denis was able to figure out that an African had sold four tusks to a Greek trader and insisted that he had taken it from a single dead elephant. Denis found the African and bribed him to bring the skull of that four tusked elephant. He also wrote to the warehouse where the four tusks were sent to send them to him at a greater price through post office at Butembo. These actions immediately set into motion the real actions needed to prove the existence of four tusked elephant. Due to the second coincidence, Armand Denis finally got one of the proof to verify his hypothesis. Thinking that he had lost the skull of elephant and the tusks he had gathered now proved nothing, he was sure he had failed. This coincidence helped him gain his confidence to work in his mission again. (Warrant and Backing)
I completely agree with people who say that hard work and dedication towards the goal far outlines the importance of coincidence. But most often, it is the coincidence that guides the path to reach the goal when hard work and dedication wither away or aren't sufficient. Armand Denis had put his heart and soul in his mission. But only coincidences led his quest to completion by providing required proof and motivation. Even then, he wasn't completely convinced that the mystery of the existence of four tusked elephant was solved. (Rebuttal and Qualifier)
Image source:Google
People who smoke cigarettes or weeds and/or drink alcohol are inattentive in class (Claim). Most of the time, they seem to be lazy, preoccupied and dizzy. Some of them usually sit at the last bench so that they can escape the gaze of teacher and sleep peacefully or talk with their friends. When asked questions on the recent topic of study, most of them cannot answer and even cannot tell about the topic being taught (Qualifier). This directly supports the fact that they were not paying attention to the teacher. Their scores in exam is also low compared to those who don't drink or smoke (Evidence). Research shows that drinking alcoholic beverages affects person's feelings, thoughts and action. It is a depressant which has major role in causing anxiety and stress. Smoking leads to nicotine withdrawal symptoms (depression and schizophrenic tendency) when supply of nicotine decreases even for a short period of time. Along with the effect in mental health, drinking or smoking greatly affects physical health. It deteriorates most of the systems in our body (Warrant). Do you think it is possible for an unhealthy person to pay complete attention in the class (Backing)? Though people who drink or smoke are often heard arguing that such habit boosts their energy and keeps them awake or concentrated to do assignments and study, the effect is only temporary. The after effect or hangover of such habit can last longer than anticipated, causing permanent effects like memory loss, head ache and inability to focus on one task (Rebuttal).
2. Write an argumentative paragraph on any of the issues in Mr. Know-All following the structure of argument outlined by Toulmin.
Image source: Google
Mrs Ramsay was most probably, having an extra marital affair with someone in New York (Claim and Qualifier). This is clear from the expensive pearl necklace that she wore for dinner (Evidence). Her husband had not bought it and believed her word for it being an imitation. So, it must have been given to her by someone else. No one can be so generous as to give such an expensive necklace to a complete stranger. So, the person who gave her that necklace must be special and close to her (Warrant). As per the guarantee of necklace being real, Mr kelada's inspection is sufficient. He knew what he was talking about. He was in the trade and was going Japan to inspect the cultured pearls they were making. Also, the desperate appeal in the eyes of Mrs Ramsay, clearly showed the dread of hearing that the pearls were real. And why return the money lost in bet, if the pearls were only an imitation (Backing)? Some of my friends would argue that the necklace must have been given to her by someone other than her lover, someone who loved her, like her family members or friends. But, she could easily have told her husband about the reality of necklace if that was the case (Rebuttal).
3. Write an essay on any of the issues presented in the four tusked elephant following the structure outlined by Toulmin.
Coincidences play an important role in determining the success or failure of a mission. Most often, one or few strokes of coincidences is involved in great discoveries and inventions. This can be seen in the mission of Armand Denis to discover the four tusked elephant. Two important coincidences set him in his quest again when he had thought of giving up. (Claim)
Denis had stopped his journey after he and his Pygmies companions saw even a big elephant having only two tusks. But after few months, the first coincidence occurred when he revisited the Pygmy's country and stayed at a hotel in a place called Butembo. There, some Belgian sellers were talking in Flemish, the language he was familiar with as a child, about the four tusked elephant. The next coincidence occurred when Denis was despondently driving back to his camp and caught sight of something white in a ditch just beyond the administrator's office. On close observation he found that it was the skull of a fully grown elephant. Both of these coincidences fueled him with proof and positive energy to continue on his abandoned mission. (Ground)
Image source : Google
Due to the first coincidence, Denis was able to figure out that an African had sold four tusks to a Greek trader and insisted that he had taken it from a single dead elephant. Denis found the African and bribed him to bring the skull of that four tusked elephant. He also wrote to the warehouse where the four tusks were sent to send them to him at a greater price through post office at Butembo. These actions immediately set into motion the real actions needed to prove the existence of four tusked elephant. Due to the second coincidence, Armand Denis finally got one of the proof to verify his hypothesis. Thinking that he had lost the skull of elephant and the tusks he had gathered now proved nothing, he was sure he had failed. This coincidence helped him gain his confidence to work in his mission again. (Warrant and Backing)
I completely agree with people who say that hard work and dedication towards the goal far outlines the importance of coincidence. But most often, it is the coincidence that guides the path to reach the goal when hard work and dedication wither away or aren't sufficient. Armand Denis had put his heart and soul in his mission. But only coincidences led his quest to completion by providing required proof and motivation. Even then, he wasn't completely convinced that the mystery of the existence of four tusked elephant was solved. (Rebuttal and Qualifier)
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